In the this part of the US this type of joint would probably require a
metal connector either external (cheaper) or internal if necessary for
aesthetic reasons. The seismic codes would preclude the use of a tenon
as shown I suspect.
FWIW the sizing of a rafter, joist, beam etc. is dependent upon two main
criteria. a) the bending force applied by the total weight on it either
as point load or a load spread out such as snow, furnishings or drunken
partying. and b) the stiffness of the material or modulus of elasticity.
Usually it is the latter which determines the depth of the beam or
joist. A floor can be plenty strong but you don't want the dishes in the
cupboard to rattle when someone walks across the room so you use either
a stiffer material or larger beam than would be required for simple
weight bearing ability.
Mike
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